Management of Calcium Channel Antagonist Overdose with Hyperinsulinemia-Euglycemia Therapy: Case Series and Review of the Literature

Lipid Rescue Therapy and High-Dose insulin Euglycemic Therapy are Effective for Severe Refractory Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose: Case Report and Review of Literature

Background: High-Dose Insulin Euglycemic Therapy (HIET) and Lipid Rescue Therapy (LRT) are new alternative treatments for acute poisoning with calcium channel blockers. In this report a severely poisoned patient with verapamil and furosemide who was successfully treated with these two treatments is presented. Case report: A 27-year-old woman was brought to “Mother Theresa” Clinical Center in Sk...

Critical Management of Severe Hypotension Caused by Amlodipine Toxicity Managed With Hyperinsulinemia/Euglycemia Therapy Supplemented With Calcium Gluconate, Intravenous Glucagon and Other Vasopressor Support: Review of Literature

Calcium channel blocker (CCB ) overdose, whether intentional or accidental, is a common clinical scenario and can be very lethal. Conventional treatments for CCB overdose include intravenous (IV) fluids, calcium salts, dopamine, dobutamine, norepinephrine, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and glucagon. However, the conventional therapies are unsuccessful in reversing the cardiovascular toxicity of...

Severe Overdose of Calcium Channel Blocker and Successful Management: A Literature Review and Case Report

Levosimendan as Treatment Option in Severe Verapamil Intoxication: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Cardiovascular shock due to verapamil intoxication is often refractory to standard resuscitation methods. Recommended therapy includes prevention of further absorption of the drug, inotropic therapy, calcium gluconate, and hyperinsulinemia/euglycemia therapy. Often further measures are needed such as ventricular pacing or mechanical circulatory support. Still, mortality remains high. Levosimend...

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Drug Overdose: A Clinical Case Series

Overdose of cardiovascular medications such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers cause impaired cardiac contractility, vasoplegia, and/or rhythm disturbances. In addition to conventional management of limiting absorption, increasing elimination and hemodynamic support intravenous (IV) calcium infusion, hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia therapy, glucagon infusion, and IV lipid emulsion have b...